Assessing the contribution of EAC market access to enhancing Uganda’s coffee export performance in African markets (2015-2024)

Abstract

This study examines the contribution of East African Community (EAC) market access mechanisms to enhancing Uganda's coffee export performance within African markets between 2015 and 2024. Coffee remains a cornerstone of Uganda’s economy, yet its penetration into African markets particularly within the EAC remains relatively limited despite regional trade integration frameworks such as the EAC Common Market Protocol and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). The research adopted a mixed-methods approach, utilizing quantitative analysis of export volumes and values, alongside qualitative insights from key informants, coffee exporters, and policy stakeholders. Findings reveal that while Uganda benefits from reduced tariffs and improved trade facilitation under the EAC framework, significant challenges persist, including non-tariff barriers, infrastructure constraints, limited value addition, and weak policy alignment with AfCFTA. Moreover, diplomatic and trade promotion strategies such as bilateral missions and participation in regional expos have yielded positive, though uneven, results. The study concludes that while EAC market access has provided a foundation for coffee export growth, it remains insufficient in isolation. Strategic alignment between EAC and continental policies, coupled with targeted trade diplomacy and investment in quality standards, is critical to unlocking Uganda’s full coffee export potential across African markets. The study offers practical recommendations for policymakers, exporters, and regional bodies to enhance Uganda’s coffee competitiveness within a rapidly evolving African trade landscape.