Border security strategies and the threat of terrorism in Uganda, a case of Kyangwali sub-county, Kikuube district

Abstract

This research examines the effectiveness of border security strategies in mitigating terrorism threats in Kyangwali Sub-County, Kikuube District, Uganda, from 2019 to 2023. The study explored the relationship between border security measures, including physical barriers, surveillance technology, and intelligence sharing, and the threat of terrorism in the specified Ugandan region, also considering socio-economic factors. The study addresses the challenges posed by porous borders, focusing on illegal crossings, smuggling, and the infiltration of armed groups like the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) and Islamic State Central Africa Province (ISCAP). Employing a survey research design with a target population of 350 respondents, a sample size of 177 participants was determined. Using a mixed-methods approach, we collected quantitative and qualitative data through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and observations, engaging local authorities, law enforcement, and community residents. Findings indicate significant weaknesses in the current border security infrastructure, emphasizing an urgent need for enhancement. While 85% of respondents acknowledged that physical barriers such as fences and checkpoints deter unauthorized crossings, 93.2% agreed that these measures alone are insufficient. Enhanced surveillance technologies and intelligence-sharing were recognized as critical components, with 93.8% and 96.6% of participants respectively highlighting their importance in public safety and counter-terrorism efforts. Additionally, socio-economic stability emerged as a vital factor in reducing radicalization, with 97.8% of respondents asserting that job stability can deter extremist ideologies. In conclusion, the study advocates for a comprehensive border management strategy that integrates robust physical security measures, advanced technology, intelligence sharing, and socio-economic initiatives. These recommendations aim to inform policymakers and stakeholders, ultimately strengthening Uganda's border security and contributing to national stability and security.